Befudddled by the terms that writers and publishers use? Here is a glossary of writing terms and definitions to help you navigate the lingo.

We use many terms in writing. As with any activity, a novice to this world could be easily confused.  Here is a selection of writing terms and definitions that you are bound to run into sooner or later.

I will try to leave out words specifically related to word usage, such as compound sentence, synonym and pronoun, as well as words related to poetry. There are so very many of those, and this writing glossary is already long enough without them.

Writing terms and publishing definitions

Abstract. A brief summary of an article (theoretically in plain English), a standard part of most academic writing.

Active voice. When the verb focuses on what the subject of the sentence is doing.

Adaptation. Same story in a different format, typically a screen adaptation of a novel.

Advance. If you are lucky enough to be in demand by a publisher, you might be paid an advance to write your book – prior to actually writing it.

AI. Short for artificial intelligence, AI is an automated tool writers can use as a shortcut to help gather information, structure their information and even pump out a first (very bland) draft of what they want to say. It can also help summarize a large complex topic that writers need to understand, before delving deeper into their research.

All rights. The publisher holds all rights to publish in any form, but does not own the copyright.

Allegory. A method of telling a story using characters or objects to deliver a message metaphorically.

Antagonist.  Often the villain, the antagonist is the character that tries to stop the protagonist (the hero or main character) from succeeding, like Darth Vader or the Big Bad Wolf.

Anthology.  A collection of stories compiled together, usually with a loose theme or commonality.

Attribution. Giving credit for a quote, illustration or other element to its source.

Audience.  The intended reader, usually described by demographics.

Autobiography. The writer’s life story told in the first person.

Author. The person whose byline is on the work, not necessarily the same as the writer (such as when a ghostwriter has done the writing).

Back matter. Pages at the end of the book that support the manuscript, such as bibliography, acknowledgements, etc.

Backlist. Books from a previous year that are still in print.

Backstory. The history behind characters and events, often included as flashbacks or slipped into the dialogues or recollections of the characters.

Beta readers. Readers who read a manuscript before publishing to test it out on the target audience.

Bibliography.  The list of sources used in researching a book or article.

Biography.  A life story.

Blurb. A short summary of a book published on its back cover.

Board books.  Books printed on thick cardboard, typically for preschoolers.

Boilerplate. A template of text that can be used to create multiple documents.

Byline. The name of the author credited with a book or article.

Canon.  The most authoritative source of information on a given topic.

Category. General topic areas, broader than a genre, used to organize books in the market.

Chapter book. Any book organized into chapters, but usually referring to those targeting an audience under 12 years of age.

Characters. Sentient beings who .do the action and dialogue, usually people, sometimes animals and occasionally inanimate objects.

Chick lit. Fiction written specifically for a female audience.

Citation. Reference to the source of information.

Climax.  The culminating point of highest tension in a story.

Clips. Published samples of a writer`s work.

Copy editing. Editing text for basic elements such as spelling, grammar and consistency.

Copy writing. Writing fairly straightforward text, usually for business or administrative purposes.

Copyright. The assignment of ownership of a work, generally covering the finished work and/or its execution, but not the idea behind it.

Denouement. The final results of a story, once all conflicts and mysteries have been resolved.

Dialogue. Words spoken by the characters in a story.

Draft. The complete unedited version of a text.

Dustjacket. Paper covering, usually in full color, covering a hardcover book.

eBook. Electronic version of a published book.

Edit. To rework a draft for grammar, flow, length or any other factor required to polish it for publication.

Editor. The person who edits a manuscript or manages the writing of a publication.

Editorial. A work expressing an opinion.

Embargo. Prohibition of publishing or distributing a work until a specified date, often (and foolishly) used with press releases.

Endnote. An explanation of a point, placed at the end of a book.

eReader. Device for reading and storing eBooks.

Fair use. The use of a small portion of a work (generally less than 10 percent) for educational or illustrative purposes, with attribution, and not infringing on copyright.

First rights. The right to publish first, but does not preclude others from publishing at a later date. There can be qualifying first rights, such as “first electronic rights” or “first print rights” or “first North American rights”.

Font. The typeface used in a published work.

Footnote. An explanation of a point, placed at the bottom of a page.

Format. The layout aspects of a manuscript, including spacing, margins, indentations and font.

Front matter. Pages at the beginning of the book that support the manuscript, such as title page, table of contents, etc.

Galleys. A typeset draft of a book.

Genre. The type of book, such as true crime, biography, science fiction, etc.

Ghostwriter. A person who writes anonymously in someone else’s name, so that the client is credited with the work.

Glossary. This one is just too obvious. This writing glossary is actually somewhat short compared to what some more formal glossaries are.

Grade level. A measure of readability correlating to how easy or hard a text is to read.

Graphic novel. A full novel in comic book format.

Hard copy.  The printed version of a manuscript.

Hardcover. A book bound with a thick cardboard stock cover, usually with a paper dust jacket.

Half title. The page at the beginning of the book that contains nothing but the title.

High concept.  The idea of a book, boiled down to a single sentence.

Historical fiction.  Fiction set in the past, attempting to fit in with the events and activities of the time.

Hook. A line that draws the reader into the book from the very beginning.

House style.  A specific publisher’s preferred style.

Imagery. Descriptions that employ the five senses.

Imprint.  A credited division within a publishing company used for branding purposes, much as a “make” of an automotive manufacturer.

ISBN.  Stands for International Standard Book Number, a unique identifier assigned to each published book for inventory and ordering.

Kidlit.  Stories, usually full books, targeting children up to the age of 12.

Kill fee.  Payment made to a writer for an article that was written, but not published.

Lead paragraph. The first paragraph of a book, article or chapter.

Literary agent. Someone who represents authors to publishers.

Logline. A single sentence that describes a screenplay.

Manuscript.  Final copy of a work prior to publishing.

Mark up.  To add editing notes on a manuscript.

Mass market paperback. A small trim book intended for the general public, often a cheaper version of a hardcover book.

Memoir.  An autobiography or a lengthy narrative of a specific period of one’s life.

Middle grade.  Referring to books targeting an audience of around 10 to 15 years of age.

Mood.  The feeling that the author is trying to convey in the story.

Narrative. A chronology of events that forms a story.

Narrator. The person recounting a story, usually in the third person.

Novel. A fiction book over 40,000 words.

Novelization. A book that has been adapted from a movie or some other format.

Novella. A fiction book under 40,000 words.

On acceptance. An arrangement whereby a writer is paid if and when the editor accepts the article for publication.

On publication. An arrangement whereby a writer is paid if and when the article is published.

On spec. When there is no arrangement between the writer and an editor, and the writer prepares an article with the hope that an editor will accept it.

Outline.  A summary of the content of a book in point form, usually to organize the content before writing, often forming the basis for the table of contents.

Paperback. A softcover book, usually with a cardstock cover slightly thicker than the paper within.

Parody. An imitation of a serious work or narrative, usually written in a sarcastic or humorous fashion.

Passive voice. When the verb focuses on what is being done to the object of the sentence.

Pen name. A pseudonym that an author adopts so as not to reveal one’s real name.

Personification. Human traits assigned to an animal or inanimate object.

Pica. A measure in typesetting equal to 1/6 of an inch.

Picture book. A book with a picture on every spread, typically for young audiences.

Pitch. The approach of an author to an agent or editor.  For a book, this is typically a query letter with a synopsis.

Pitch bible. A proposal, usually for a TV series, that includes the synopsis and a business case for the series.

Plagiarism. The unauthorized use of another person’s words.

Plain language. Writing for clarity, generally using simple sentence structure and common words.

Plot. The storyline.

Point. A measure in typesetting equal to 1/72 of an inch (also a form of ballet, but that’s not the point here).

Point of view. The perspective from which a story is told, expressed as through whose eyes the reader perceives the events.

POD. See ‘print on demand’.

POV.  See ‘point of view’.

Premise. The idea on which the story is based.

Print On Demand.  A process of remotely printing books as they are ordered.

Print run.  The number of books or magazines printed at one time.

Proofreading.  Checking for technical errors in the text.  When we proofread, we look for spelling, punctuation, capitalization, grammar and related items, not for style or structure.

Proposal. Summary of a book and the business case for publishing it, usually written before a manuscript is drafted.

Protagonist.  The main character of the story, with whom the reader identifies, like Harry Potter or Frodo Baggins.

Pseudonym. A pen name that an author adopts so as not to reveal one’s real name.

Public domain. Any work not protected by copyright.

Query letter. A letter sent by the author to literary agents or publishers to seek representation or publishing.

Readability. A measure of how easy or hard a text is to read, usually based on two or three calculations.

Rejection slip. A letter sent by a publisher to an author to reject the submitted manuscript.

Reprints. Material published after having already been published elsewhere.

Rights. Ownership of a work and how it may be used.

Royalties. A percentage of revenues paid by the publisher to the author.

Run-on sentence.  A sentence that is far too long and should be broken into two or more sentences, often because the writer is not skilled enough to shorten the text or to divide it, but also sometimes just because the writer likes the sound of one’s own typing, but in other cases (such as this one) just to prove a point, or because the song the writer is listening to while writing hasn’t ended yet (my favorite reason).

SASE. Stands for “self-addressed stamped envelope”, which publishers and agents often demand that you include when you submit them a manuscript (assuming you want the manuscript returned).

Satire. A literary device to make fun of or mock something (for examples, see ‘run-on sentence’ above).

Screenplay. Full detail of a film, from dialogue through camera angles.

Script. See ‘screenplay’ above, but also the full details of a play or a video.

Self-publishing. A method of publishing whereby the author commissions books directly from a printer, publishing a work himself.

Serial.  Any publication that publishes at regular intervals. Also a killer in true crime.

Short story.  Fiction typically under 5,000 words and published in a publication along with other material, rather than as a stand-alone.

Side-by-side book. A book written in two languages, with one language version on each even page and the other language version on each odd page..

Simultaneous submissions. Sending a manuscript to multiple publishers or agents at the same time, sometimes considered acceptable and sometimes not.

Slant. The angle or perspective a writer uses to approach a story.

Small press. A publishing company other than one of the major ones, often specializing in one or a few genres.

Softcover. See ‘paperback’.

Soliloquy. A monologue, usually to reveal inner thoughts of a character, or in film used by the antagonist to give audiences the chance to prepare for the hero’s attack.

Spine. The end of a book that is visible when it is placed between two other books on a shelf.

Style.  The ensemble of characteristics that define a writer or a work, including word choice, sentence structure and literary devices.

Style sheet. A list of grammar or word use specifications for a publication.

Submission guidelines. The rules to follow when submitting a manuscript to a publisher.

Subplot. A secondary plot that contrasts with the main plot or is enfolded within the main plot.

Synopsis. A summary of a book or a screenplay’s plot, usually two to three pages long.

Tardis. I threw that one in just to see if you were still listening. It’s not really a writing term, but it is amazingly cool!

Tear sheet. Sample of the author’s published work.

Theme. The general topic of a work.

Thesis.  The key argument the author puts forward, generally in non-fiction.

Tone.  The implied attitude of the writer toward the subject of the work.

Trade paperback.  A softcover book larger in trim size than a mass market paperback.

Treatment. A detailed description of a film, on which a screenplay is based.

Trim size. The width and height of a book’s pages.

True crime. The genre that covers real life crime.

Typeface. The font specifications.

Vanity publishing.  A service to help authors publish books mostly for their own use, rather than for mass market distribution.

Voice.  The persona that the author adopts to convey their message, which will be reflected in the style of the writing.

Weight. The boldness of the text.

White space. Any area of a page without text or images.

WIP. See “work in progress”.

Word count. The number of words in a manuscript.

Work for hire. An arrangement whereby a writer is hired for a specific project, and is not considered an employee and does not retain any rights.

Work in progress. An author’s partially written manuscript.

Writer. The person who wrote the book or other work, either the author or the ghostwriter.

Writer’s block. The inability to decide what next to write.

Young adult. Referring to books targeting an audience of around 10 to 15 years of age.

We’ll be adding more writing terms and definitions as we think of them. In fact, no blog post on this website has been updated as often as this one.

Although I have no plans to make the ultimate writing terminology guide, this writing terms glossary could still get pretty long one day.